TB-500 10MG

SS-31 (also known as elamipretide) 10 mg is a synthetic tetrapeptide specifically designed to target and protect mitochondria—the energy-producing centers of cells—by binding to cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane. 1 This unique mechanism makes it one of the few peptides that works directly inside the cell's energy center rather than on surface receptors, offering broad therapeutic potential for age-related conditions, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders.

Primary Benefits of SS-31

Mitochondrial Function and Energy Production

SS-31's core benefit lies in its direct optimization of mitochondrial energy production. The peptide binds to cardiolipin, a critical phospholipid on the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing the membrane structure and enhancing the efficiency of the electron transport chain (ETC)—the machinery that produces ATP, the body's energy currency. 2 5 By reducing electron "leakage" that causes inefficiency, SS-31 increases overall ATP output, giving cells more energy to perform vital processes. 2 This improvement is especially significant for tissues with high energy demand, including the heart, brain, skeletal muscle, and nervous system. 2

Cardiovascular Health

SS-31 demonstrates substantial benefits for heart function and cardiovascular disease prevention. It enhances mitochondrial function in heart muscle cells, potentially improving outcomes in heart failure and ischemia-reperfusion injury (damage caused by restored blood flow after oxygen deprivation). 1 The peptide reduces myocardial ischemia and tissue damage in conditions like heart attacks, while also supporting vascular health by improving endothelial function and blood pressure regulation. 1 Research in animal models of cardiac dysfunction shows SS-31 has beneficial effects on cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and can prevent capillary dropout in heart tissue, preserving microvascular blood flow critical for tissue repair. 7 12

Neuroprotection and Cognitive Enhancement

SS-31 protects neurons from mitochondrial dysfunction, offering potential benefits for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. 1 The peptide enhances memory and learning by preserving mitochondrial health in brain cells. 1 In animal studies, mice exposed to inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS)—which impairs memory—recovered normal maze-learning speed after SS-31 treatment, demonstrating cognitive restoration. 3 At a dose of 10 mg/kg for 10 days, SS-31 restored neurovascular coupling in 24-month-old mice, with significantly improved spatial working memory, motor learning skills, and gait coordination. 7

Muscle Health and Prevention of Age-Related Decline

SS-31 protects mitochondria in skeletal muscles, improving muscle strength and endurance while preventing sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss). 1 The peptide enhances exercise performance by reducing fatigue and improving recovery through increased mitochondrial efficiency in muscle cells. 1 Research demonstrates that directly targeting age-related mitochondrial dysfunction with SS-31 improves skeletal muscle energetics and exercise capacity. 9

Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Reduction

Inefficient mitochondria produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage DNA, proteins, and lipids and drive chronic inflammation and aging. 2 3 SS-31 reduces ROS generation at the source by stabilizing the electron transport chain and cardiolipin, limiting oxidative stress and protecting surrounding tissues. 2 3 The peptide inhibits ROS production, suppressing the inflammatory response and preventing the activation of cell death pathways (apoptosis). 3 6 In type 2 diabetes patients, SS-31 treatment decreased mitochondrial ROS production, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and antioxidant glutathione content, and reduced inflammatory markers like NFκB-p65 and TNF-α. 8

Metabolic and Kidney Health

SS-31 supports kidney function and metabolic health. In a mouse model of type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease, SS-31 treatment (3 mg/kg for 12 weeks) significantly inhibited increases in albuminuria (protein in urine), urinary hydrogen peroxide, and mesangial matrix accumulation while preserving renal superoxide production and regulating cardiolipin metabolism. 8 The peptide alleviated proteinuria, glomerular hypertrophy, and tubular injury while suppressing oxidative stress and activating antioxidant defenses including MnSOD and catalase. 8 Eye drops of SS-31 (0.03 M) also restored vision in a rat model of diabetic retinopathy, reducing oxidative protein damage in the retina. 8

Tissue Repair and Microvascular Health

SS-31 promotes tissue healing by increasing local microvascular blood flow in injured tissue, preventing microvascular dropout associated with hypertension, diabetes, ischemia, and aging. 7 By protecting endothelial mitochondria in capillary cells, SS-31 prevents endothelial cell swelling, detachment, and death, significantly reducing capillary dropout in the kidney and preserving the microvasculature essential for oxygen delivery and tissue repair. 7 This mechanism may protect against age-associated declines in healing capacity. 7